~{TZVF6(~}實證~{7(~}時絲~{:A2;W7GsU}~}義~{#,GR9JRb7q~}認構~{3IU}~}義~{:KPD5D!8F=5H!9#,>_SP~}這種~{GiPN5D7(BI2;V;JG!82;U}5D7(!9#,6xJGKF:uMjH+G7H1!87(!95DPT8q!#Rr~}為~{0|:,~}實證~{7(TZ~}內~{#,Hg9{R*~}將~{!87(!96(~}義時~{#,~}從~{FdRb~}義~{IO~}觀~{2l#,!87(!92;MbJG~}為達~{3IU}~}義~{5DR;~}種~{VHPr~}與~{VF6H!#~}
~{!*!*~}Gustav Radbruch~{!!1>J@~}紀~{5B~}國~{4s7(@m~}學~{
~{TZ~}擋~{2;W!5DCqVw31AwVP#,L(~}灣~{5DPBIz4z0:JW~}闊~{2=5X~}邁~{OrCqVw!"F=5H!"WTSI5DN4~}來~{#,K{~}們堅~{PEVx#:~} 

~{CqVw~}萬歲~{#!~} 

~{5+JG#,>MTZ~}這時~{:r#,!8CqVw!95D8wJ=8w~}樣敵~{HK~}開~{J<74~}撲~{AK#!~} 

~{TZ~}這~{8wJ=8w~}樣~{5D~}敵~{HKVP#,SPR;~}樣敵~{HKWn2;RW~}為~{HK2l~}覺~{#,<4J9cBH;SPKy~}覺~{#,R23#3#1;Fd8_6H3iOsPTKy;s#,6x2;V*Fd;D~}謬~{V.KyRTH;!#DG>MJG#:~} 

~{1;MaGz5D!87(VN!9!#~} 

這~{1;MaGz5D!87(VN!9!#RT~}極~{Fd~}糾纏~{2;Ge5D;l~}亂~{8/~}蝕~{Vx!"CT;sVx~}廣~{4sCq~}眾對~{!8CqVw!95DPEDn!#5+TZM,~}時~{#,SIl6~}這~{R;1;MaGz5D!87(VN!9TZFd1>~}質~{IOJG!82;CqVw!95D#,Rr6x#,TZ!8CqVw!9~}與~{!81;MaGz5D7(VN!9V.~}辯證對~{A"!"~}糾纏~{2;GeV.OB#,!8:O7(PT5DN#~}機~{!91c~}產~{IzAK#!~} 

~{:O7(PT5DN#~}機~{Tl3IAKNR~}們~{Ig~}會~{!"U~VN5D2;026(#,~}這對~{=(A"R;~}個~{8|:O@m5DIg~}會~{SPVxD*4s5D7A:&!#Rr4K#,NR~}們認為~{!8CqVw!"7(VN~}與~{:O7(PT5DN#~}機~{!9~}這~{R;~}組~{O`~}關~{8EDn5D~}釐~{Ge!"74J!JGR;<~<1FH5DJBGi#!~} 

~{#(R;#)~} 

~{1>~}來~{#,Hg9{CqVw~}與~{7(VN5D~}觀~{Dn2;1;MaGz#,~}這兩個~{8EDnTu~}麼樣~{R2~}對~{A"2;Fp~}來~{!#NR~}們~{2;1XTZ4K~}臚~{AP!"~}討論~{CqVwU~VN5D6(~}義~{!"@m~}論~{5H5H#,5+NR~}們~{?IRTV83vCqVw~}這~{R;8EDn5DVPPD~}關懷點~{JG!8~}權~{A&~}誰屬~{!95D~}問題~{#,CqVw5D~}學說~{Fs~}圖~{;X4pR;~}個問題~{#:J2~}麼~{HK~}應該~{PPJ99+~}權~{A&#?CqVw5D~}學說~{=(~}議~{R;~}個~{4p08#:9+~}權~{A&5DPPJ9~}屬~{l6H+~}體~{9+Cq#,KySPHKCqDKJGR;GPIg~}會~{JB~}項~{5DVw~}體~{#,6<~}應該~{PPJ9~}統~{VN!#~}當這~{P)@mOkVw~}義~{J=5D9E5dU~VNVG;[Bd~}實~{TZ~}歷~{J7PP3LV.VPRTaa#,NR~}們~{TZNw7=U~VNJ7IO?45=AK!8SPO^U~8.!9!"!8~}議會~{U~VN!9!-!-5H5H>_~}體~{PNJ=#,~}這~{R;P)6
從這~{R;~}極~{4VBT5D~}敘~{JvVP#,NR~}們~{?IRTAK=b5=#,!8CqVwU~VF!9JGHK~}類歷~{J7VP~}爭~{H!PR8#!"WTSI5D~}奮鬥歷~{3LVP~}為~{AK1#UO~}個~{HKWTSIKy~}發~{U93v~}來~{5DU~8.~}機~{VF!#~}從許~{6`~}歷~{J7~}經驗~{VP#,NR~}們~{?IRT~}發現~{#,R*3I9&5X1#3V<0~}運~{SCCqVwU~VF5DU~8.~}機~{VF#,SPFd1XR*~}條~{<~#,DG>MJGJl~}習~{!87(VN!95D~}傳統~{#,TgTZ~}兩~{G'DjG0#,O#@04sU\~}亞~{@oK96`5B<4Cw0WP{~}稱~{#:!87(BI~}應~{8_l6U~8.V.IO#,CqVwU~VFHg~}無~{7(VN~}為~{;y~}礎~{#,H]RW~}貶質為~{1)CqU~VN!9!#~}從~{6xNR~}們~{?IRTV*5@#,7(VN5DD?~}標~{JGTZJ9CqVwU~VFD\3I9&5X1#3V~}與順~{@{5X~}運~{SC#,RT~}確~{1#~}個~{HK5DWTSI!"PR8#CbJ\U~8.5D~}無~{6KGV~}擾~{#,~}蓋~{TZ7(VN5D;y~}礎~{IO#,!8~}資~{7(RT~}為~{VN#,7G4}HKRT~}為~{VN~}(government by laws~{#,~} not by men.)~{!96xTZ~}歷~{J7~}傳統~{VP#,!8HKCqV.8#@{~}應為~{Wn8_5D7(BIV.~}歸~{K^#(~}Salus populi suprema lex ests~{)$Nw7=~}諺語~{#)!9!#~} 

~{TZRTIO~}極~{Fd~}簡單~{5D~}論~{JvVP#,NR~}們~{?42;3vCqVw~}與~{7(VN~}這兩個~{8EDn?IRT~}對~{A"Fp~}來~{#,O`745D#,K|~}們~{JGR;~}組~{O`~}輔~{O`3I5D8EDn#!~} 

~{5+JG#,TZNR~}們~{5D~}國~{
~{#(6~#)~} 

~{TZ~}廣~{4sCq~}眾~{8_0:~}參~{U~Rb~}願與熱~{Gi5D9DNhV'3VOB#,L(~}灣~{PBIz4zU~VN~}運動~{W7GsCqVw5D@K31>MOqR;9I1<~}騰~{ElEH5D:iAw#,:3~}動~{AK~}長~{>C0Q3VU~VN~}權~{A&5D~}統~{VN~}階層~{!#l6JG#,~}這~{R;~}統~{VN~}階層~{:M~}與~{V.~}關係~{C\GP5D~}階層~{1cTZ?V;Ec$~}懼~{5D1>D\74~}應~{OB#,ND9%Nd~}衛~{5XRT8w~}種~{7=J=Fs~}圖~{Wh~}擋這~{9I:iAw#,4]~}毀這~{PBIz5DA&A?!#TZNd~}衛~{7=CfJG~}軍~{JBLX~}務統~{VN~}傾~{Or5D+~}緻設計~{5D8EDnPT~}進~{9%2_BT#,~}諸~{Hg#:~} 

~{=(A"U~VN92~}識~{;r92JX5D~}競賽規則~{#;~} 

~{U~VN~}溝~{M(#;~} 

~{U~VN026(#;~} 

~{!-!-!-!-~} 

這~{R;P)8EDn;rU_JG~}經~{2;Fp~}與~{Ig~}會經濟結構~{V.7VNv~}緊~{C\O`=S5DU~VN7VNv#,;rU_~}執~{U~U_5D~}誠~{RbIP4}~}時間~{!"JB~}實~{5D~}證~{Cw#;6xNR~}們認為關係國內~{CqVwU~VN~}運動發~{U9G0M>VA~}為~{VX4s5DSP~}兩樣~{;y1>~}觀~{DnIO5D;lO}#:~} 

~{R;!"SI1#JX!"MK~}縮~{5D~}學~{T:OsQ@K~~}學~{U_~}帶頭~{0aE*Nw7=F+~}狹~{5D1#JXQT~}論~{:MKF?F~}學~{5DCqVw@m~}論(quasi-scientific democracy theory)~{#;~}強~{V8U~VN~}參與~{5DTv
~{6~!"~}強調~{CqVw1X~}須~{TZ7(BI5D~}軌~{5@~}內~{J\!87(BI!95D>PJx#,7q~}則~{#,DGV;JG~}軼~{3v~}軌~{5@5D!"2;@mPT5DA&A?#,Hg9{2;RT!87(BI!9Sh~}強~{SPA&5D~}約~{Jx#,~}將~{Tl3IIg~}會~{5D~}動盪~{2;02!#K{~}們說~{#:CqVwWTSI1X~}須~{RT7(VN~}為~{;y~}礎~{#,7q~}則無~{7(Bd~}實~{!#~}這兩種說~{7(aaCf#,4fTZVx1;MaGz=b~}檡~{5DCqVw!"7(VN8EDn#,K|J95CCqVw!"7(VN5DUf~}實~{Rb:-~}與~{1;MaGz=b~}釋~{5DCqVw!"7(VN~}兩~{O`~}對~{A"Fp~}來~{#,6xFs~}圖達~{5=~}統~{VN~}阰層~{KyO#M{Tl3I5DS!Os#:PBIz4zU~VN~}運動~{KyW7Gs5DCqVwJG2;1XR*5D!"JG2;@mPT5D!"JGFF~}壞現狀~{5D#!Rr~}為~{K|2;RT!87(VN!9~}為~{;y~}礎~{#!~} 

~{NR~}們~{V;R*?<2lR;OB~}這~{R;Dj6`RT~}來~{#,NR~}們~{U~VNIO!"Ig~}會~{IO5D~}許~{6`JB@}#,~}從~{H%DjDj5W5D~}選舉運動~{#,5=VPC@~}斷~{=;RTaa5D~}種種連鎖~{74~}應~{VPKyTl3I5D~}黨內~{Mb~}對~{A"Gi~}勢~{5D
~{H;6x#,U>TZPBIz4zU~VN~}運動~{W7GsU~VN5DCqVw;/!"Ig~}會~{5D:O@m;/~}這~{R;A"~}場~{IO#,NR~}們將~{Tu~}樣來~{?44}~}這~{R;~}個對~{A"5DGi~}勢~{DX#?~} 

~{#(H}#)~} 

~{TZIOJv5D~}這~{R;~}對~{A"Gi~}勢~{VP#,\CqVw31Aw#,DG~}麼~{#,NR~}們~{SP1XR*~}檢討~{R;OB#,J2~}麼~{=P7(VN#?~} 

~{NR~}們經~{3#~}聽~{5=5D!"2;MJG~}認為~{U~8.>M~}訂~{3v7(BIRTaa#,HN:N~}國~{Cq6X#,7q~}則~{#,U~8.SP~}權~{RT7(BI~}來~{VF2CDc#,<4J9~}這~{P)7(BI6`~}麼~{2;:O@m#,V;R*K|~}還~{JG7(BI#,Dc>M1X~}須~{Wq~}從~{K|#,4K<4Ky~}謂~{!8~}惡~{7(R`7(!9!#~}這樣~{5D7(VN~}觀~{O`PE7(BI>MJG7(BI~}(Gesetz ist Gesetz)~{#,7(BI5DP'A&=(A"TZ~}國~{Cq~}對~{K|5D7~~}從~{#,Rr4K#,V;R*SP~}實~{A&J95C~}國~{CqD\7~~}從~{7(BI#,DG~}麼~{#,7(BI5DSPP'PT!"MW~}當~{PT>M5C5=~}證~{Cw!#~}這樣~{5D7(VN~}觀~{MFQ]5=Wnaa~}變~{3I#:~}實~{A&<45Hl67(BI#,V;R*SP~}實~{A&<4?IRTVF6(7(BI!#~}這~{JGR;~}種統~{VNU_5D7(VN~}觀~{#!~} 

~{JB~}實~{IO#,~}這樣~{5D7(VN~}觀~{TZNR~}們~{5DIg~}會~{VP1;~}許~{6`HK~}無~{Rb~}識~{5X3P~}認~{Vx#,~}當~{H;8|1;AmR;P)HKSPRb~}識~{5X9D45Vx!#~}當這樣~{5D7(VN~}觀~{TZR;~}個轉~{PMFZ5DIg~}會~{VPSIl6U~VNIg~}會結構~{5D8D~}變~{6xJ\5=Lt~}戰時~{#,~}統~{VN~}階層~{<0Fd~}辯護~{U_M(3#RT~}實~{A&#(U~VN5D!"~}軍~{JB5D#)Wwaa6\#,TYH}~}強調諸~{Hg!8Ky~}謂~{7(VN#,2;V;JGR*GsU~VNR@7(PPJB#,HN:N~}國~{CqR2R*WqJX7(BI!#Or7(BILt~}戰~{5DPP~}為~{#,WT7GJX7(U_Ky~}應為~{#,R`7G7(VN~}國~{MJG~}說~{7(BI5DWp~}嚴~{2;H]J\5=Lt~}戰~{!#5+JG#,UR~}們~{2;={R*~}問~{#:7(BIJGJ2~}麼~{DX#?7(BI5DWp~}嚴~{!"~}權~{M~~}從~{:N6x~}來~{DX#?~} 

E. Brunner~{Tx~}謂~{#:!87(BI~}對~{HKH:~}給~{Sh?I??<002H+V.8P#,La9)1#UORT~}對~{?9Nd~}斷~{#,J9N4~}來~{2;VBTZN#~}險~{V.:Z05VPC~Kw!#!9~}這~{LaJ>AK7(BIJGSC~}來~{La9)1#UORT~}對~{?9Nd~}斷壓~{A&5D#,V.KyRTR*Hg4K#,DKJG~}國~{_SP~}壓~{FHPT#,~}為~{AKJ9~}個~{HKCbJ\Rr~}權~{A&6x~}來~{5DGV~}擾~{#,~}~{Rr6xRT7(BI~}來~{1#UO~}個~{HK#,~}這個~{RbKT-~}則~{#:~}沒~{SP7(BI~}規~{6(#,~}則沒~{SP~}觸~{787(~}條~{<078Wo~}這~{;XJB#(~}Nullum crima~{#,~} Nulla poena sine lege. P.J. Feuerbach語~{#)!#~}這~{R;~}個~{;y1>T-~}則~{Q\Iz3v7(VN5D8y1>Rb~}義~{JG#:U~8.3}~}執~{PPRQ1;~}週~{V*5D~}規~{BIRTMb#,2;5C~}對個~{HKPPJ9~}壓~{A&!#Rr4K#,NR~}們~{?IRTV*5@Ky~}謂~{7(VN#,JG~}針對~{U~8.V.~}壓~{A&RTO^VFU~8.#,7(VNV.KyRT2;~}強調~{O^VFHKCq#,DKJGRr~}為國~{_~}壓~{FHPT5D~}鎮~{VFA&A?!#~} 

這種~{Rb~}義~{OB5D7(VN~}與~{IOJv~}統~{VNU_5D7(VN~}觀~{=XH;2;M,#,V;SPTZ~}這個~{Rb~}義~{OB#,NR~}們~{2E?IRT~}說~{#:CqVw1X~}須~{RT7(VN~}為~{;y~}礎~{#,7q~}則無~{7(Bd~}實~{!#~} 

~{TZNR~}們這裡~{#,
這種~{1;MaGz5D7(VN~}觀夾~{Vx3`Bc5DA&A?2;~}斷~{5X74~}撲~{CqVw5D31Aw#,TZ~}對~{A"2;~}斷~{
~{#(KD#)~} 

~{V1=S5X~}說~{#,:O7(PTN#~}機(legitimation crisis)~{>MJG~}認~{M,N#~}機(identity crisis)~{!#7(BI5D3v~}現~{3}~}標~{J>AK~}對個~{HK~}權~{@{5DWpVXMb#,8|~}規約~{AK~}個~{HK5D~}義務~{#,R;0c~}談論~{7(BI4s6
當~{NR~}們~{5DIg~}會~{VP~}開~{J<4sA?3v~}現對現~{PP7(VHPrLa3vLt~}戰~{5D~}時~{:r#,?ID\>MJGCf~}臨~{Vx~}認~{M,N#~}機~{#(:O7(PTN#~}機~{#)!#Hg9{NR~}們~{TZ~}這個時~{:r2;D\~}從~{U~VN~}經濟結構~{Ww8|InR;~}層~{5DIg~}會~{7VNv6x~}試圖對~{V"OB~}藥~{5X=b~}決問題時~{#,NR~}們~{2;~}曉~{5CRTaa~}將~{JGTu~}麼樣~{#?~} 

~{NR~}們當~{G05DIg~}會~{VP#,SIl6?LRbMaGzV.7(VN~}觀與~{CqVw31Aw5D
~{#(C@~}麗島雜誌~{3v?/l6~}1979~{Dj~}8~{TB!+~}11~{TB#)~}